Abstract:
RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi a caracterização físico-química e de compostos bioativos em grãos
integrais e brotos de linhagens de feijão-mungo desenvolvidos nas condições agronômicas no Brasil.
De cada linhagem na forma de grão e broto foram obtidas farinhas para as análises. As análises
físicoquímicas das amostras, incluiu a composição centesimal (umidade, cinzas, lipídios, carboidratos
e proteínas), o valor energético total, além das análises do teor de minerais e compostos bioativos.
Determinaram-se os compostos bioativos das cinco linhagens com maior valor comercial, sendo
analisados, os compostos fenólicos e a atividade antioxidante. Todas as análises foram realizadas em
triplicata e os resultados expressos como média ± desvio padrão. Realizou-se a Analise de Variância
e as medias foram comparadas com o teste de Scott-Knott (p≤0,05). Em relação à composição
centesimal, o conteúdo de umidade nos grãos em base seca foi em média de 6,32%, nos brotos em
base úmida foi em média de 85,27%. O conteúdo de proteínas aumentou de maneira estatisticamente
significativa, sendo que no grão a média foi de 22,95%, e nos brotos a média foi de 32,90%, no teor
de cinzas também foi significativo o aumento de grão (3,55%) para o broto (5,44%), já no teor de
lipídios teve diferença significativa no broto e para o teor de carboidratos diminuiu após a germinação.
Para o conteúdo de ferro, obteve-se diferença significativa (p≤0,05) no grão ficou na faixa de 4,75-
14,26 mg/100g, e nos brotos ficou 7,49-9,19 mg/100g; enquanto, para o zinco teve diferença
significativa (p≤0,05) depois do processo de germinação; ficando no grão na faixa de 3,11-3,94
mg/100g, no broto foi de 4,59-6,44 mg/100g, o processo de germinação foi significativo no aumento
do teor de minerais nas linhagens. Para os compostos bioativos, a linhagem BRA-000027 apresentou
diferença significativa (p≤0,05), com os maiores conteúdos de compostos fenólicos totais no grão
(183,65 mg/100g) e no broto (504,74 mg/100g). Para o conteúdo de antocianinas não teve diferença
significativa, nas duas formas, destacando-se a linhagem BRA-O84654-2 (0,78 mg/100g) no grão e
o BG3 (0,67 mg/100g) como broto. Para a atividade antioxidante, a linhagem que apresentou maior
atividade antioxidante no grão foi BG7 (663,96 mg/100g) e nos brotos foi BG3 (1318,05 mg/100g),
observou-se que teve diferença significativa (p≤0,05), na forma de broto em comparação com os
grãos. Concluiu-se que após o processo de germinação dos grãos as linhagens aumentaram suas
caraterísticas nutricionais, minerais e funcionais, portanto, recomenda-se o consumo na forma de
broto..................ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to make the physico-chemical and bioactive compounds
characterization in whole grains and sprouts, of mung bean lineages developed in agronomic
conditions in Brazil. Of each one line in the form of grain and sprouts was obtained flour for the
analyses. It was analyzed the physico-chemical composition of the samples, which included the
proximate composition (moisture, ash, lipids, carbohydrates and protein), the Total Energy Value, in
addition to the analysis of the mineral content and bioactive compounds. Determined if the bioactive
compounds only of the five lineages with greater commercial value, being phenolic compounds and
antioxidant activity. All analyses were performed in triplicate and the results expressed as mean ±
standard deviation. It was held a Variance Analysis and the averages were compared with Scott-Knott
test (p≤0.05). In relation to the proximate composition, moisture content of the whole grain on a dry
basic was on average of 6.32%, sprouts in wet-based was on average of 85.27%. The protein content
increase significantly (p≤0.05), for the average grain was 22.95%, as sprout the average was 32.90%,
the ash content was also significant increase in grain (3.55%) to the sprout (5.44%), the lipids content
had a significant difference in the sprout, and to the carbohydrates content decreased after
germination. For the content of iron, significant difference (p≤0.05) was obtained in grain was on the
range of 4.75-14.26 mg/100g, and sprouts was 7.49-9.19 mg/100g; while, for zinc had significant
difference (p≤0.05) after the germination process; staying at the grain in the range of 3.11-3.94
mg/100g, in the sprout was 4.59-6.44 mg/100g, the process germination was significant in the
increase of the mineral content in the lineages. For the bioactive compounds, the lineage BRA-000027
demonstrated significant difference (p≤0.05), with the highest content of phenolic compounds in
grains (183.65 mg/100g) and sprouts (504.74 mg/100g). For the content of anthocyanins had not
significant difference in the two forms, highlighting the lineage BRA-O84654-2 (0.78 mg/100g) in
the grains and BG3 (0.67 mg/100g) as sprouts. For antioxidant activity, the lineage that showed the
highest activity in the grain was BG7 (663.96 mg/100g) and there sprouts was BG3 (1318.05
mg/100g), it was observed that there was significant difference (p≤0.05) in the form of sprouts in
comparison with the grain. It was concluded that after the process of germination of grains lineages
increased their nutritional characteristics, minerals and functional, therefore, it is recommended to
intake it on the form of sprouts.